E-2 Visa Treaty of Commerce & Navigation

The E-2 Investor Visa is available only to citizens of countries that maintain a treaty of commerce and navigation with the United States.

Brazil for example, does not have such a treaty, but Brazilians who hold a second citizenship from a treaty country are eligible to apply.

The U.S. Department of State provides an up-to-date list of countries that are party to E-2 treaties. Although the exact count is not directly stated on the site, multiple sources referencing official data confirm it includes over 80 countries who maintain an E-2 (Treaty Investor) visa treaty with the United States, dispersed across all continents. Citizens of those countries are eligible to apply for this nonimmigrant investor visa.

Portugal, after joining the list in late 2022, brought the total to over 70 nations. Portugal’s implementation into visa processing was completed in April 2024, supporting the larger total being over 80.